| Abstract |
This study proposes an integrated evaluation pipeline combining parametric design and numerical simulation to assess vehicle aerodynamic performance. Given the stringent requirements for the balance between traction and energy efficiency in modern high-speed vehicles, thirteen variants of rear wing endplates were developed using Creo Parametric and subsequently imported into ANSYS Fluent for Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The numerical framework employed the k-\omega SST (Shear Stress Transport) turbulence model to ensure precision in flow field characterization.The research focuses on analyzing the aerodynamic characteristics of fourteen models under operating conditions of 72 km/h and 100 km/h . Experimental data indicate that variations in endplate geometry significantly alter the vehicle's lift-to-drag characteristics. Specifically, the FD1 model demonstrated exceptional aerodynamic efficiency at 100 km/h, achieving a lift-to-drag (L/D) ratio of 2.972. Moreover, it maintained the optimal L/D ratio at 72 km/h, effectively generating downforce without inducing excessive drag.In contrast to efficiency-oriented designs, models such as FU1, FU3, VN3, and VU2 prioritized maximum downforce output. Although their absolute downforce values surpassed those of FD1, the significant escalation in aerodynamic drag led to a decline in overall efficiency ratios. Notably, the VN3 model generated the highest drag across both velocity regimes, identifying it as a specialized design that sacrifices efficiency for extreme mechanical grip. Additionally, the VN1 model exhibited the lowest drag coefficient at 100 km/h its aerodynamic efficiency, second only to FD1, renders it a preferred configuration for high-speed circuit settings.In conclusion, this study quantifies the nonlinear coupling relationship between drag, downforce, and the lift-to-drag ratio. The findings reveal the impact of velocity variations on the performance ranking of different models. These insights provide scientific guiding principles for the aerodynamic strategic configuration of high-performance vehicles across diverse track characteristics and establish a theoretical foundation for subsequent geometry optimization. |
